immune system

Body Chemistry

How Brain Inflammation Drives Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson's disease involves more than the loss of dopamine-producing brain cells. A 2021 review reveals a specific inflammatory chain reaction where clumped alpha-synuclein protein triggers the brain's immune cells to release damaging chemicals, creating a vicious cycle. Scientists are now exploring ways to break this cycle at multiple points.

· 10 min read
Body Chemistry

Not All Supplements Are Created Equal: Bioavailability

Not all nutrient forms are absorbed equally. A 2025 review of vitamin C supplements found that alternative forms like calcium ascorbate and liposomal vitamin C can deliver more of the vitamin to immune cells than standard ascorbic acid. Meanwhile, research on plant polyphenols shows that gut bacteria and dietary fiber play a crucial role in unlocking their health benefits.

· 11 min read