Trapezius hypertrophy, or an overdeveloped upper trapezius muscle, is increasingly common due to modern lifestyle habits. Research shows that Botox injections can reduce muscle thickness by about 13% at peak effect, with high patient satisfaction, though results are temporary and repeat treatments are needed.
A 2025 study found that dumbbell and cable lateral raises produce identical lateral deltoid growth in trained lifters. Meanwhile, research on elbow angle suggests keeping your arm straighter may increase muscle activation. Here is what the evidence means for your shoulder training.
Your lats are the biggest muscle in your body, yet they have been surprisingly understudied. New research reveals how they grow at the fiber level, whether extra protein helps, and why your grip width on the pulldown barely matters.